Cuba is, undeniably, a single-party state. No one outside the Communist Party apparatus holds much formal power. But it is also a country where, in 2019, a three-month nationwide debate helped shape a new constitution. That constitution reintroduced habeas corpus, set presidential term limits, banned discrimination, and enshrined both private property and the presumption of innocence. The government held over 133,000 community meetings where millions of citizens participated and submitted proposals for revisions. Citizens in each of Cuba’s 168 municipalities gathered to debate clauses, propose changes, and push Cuba’s National Assembly to amend the draft before it went to a referendum. The island went through a similar process to ratify its radically progressive Family Code in 2022, and is engaged in a similar process currently around reforming its Labor Code. Democracy in Cuba is participatory and municipalized, a different conception of democracy than those accepted by the Global North. That may not be satisfactory to critics and even to some Cubans, but it is a far cry from the system implied by calling Cuba a “dictatorship.”